The Ancra-produced CLS chosen by EFW for the A321/A320P2F can support industry standard Unit Load Device (ULD) containers other than the 88inch x 125inch containers on option such as the 96inch x125inch containers. One-week Type Training approved courses such as A320 difference courses, but also recurrent training and structure courses, have since been deployed. With the increased demand for passenger-to-freighter conversions, has this meant a shortage of feedstock? as in example? googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); Related: How much does a D-check cost compared to a new aircraft? Based on the current market, analysts expect a growing demand for passenger to freighter conversion (P2F). T.C. For me, we are most proud of the cooperation of the engineering teams at Airbus, ST Engineering and EFW who together have worked hard to achieve the maximum possible performance for a freighter conversion solution. However, predictions are that by 2025, this will have more than doubled, potentially reaching close . Overall air cargo rates remain at elevated levels because of stronger demand and an ongoing capacity crunch caused by a reduction in belly-hold services, says Damian Brett, editor of FlightGlobals sister publication Air Cargo News. The passenger aircraft's modification Read More. Demand in the freighter sector has sparked interest from lessors; airlines; maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) service providers; investors; funds; and other financial institutions. The manufacturer is also highlighting the performance and economics. That facility will augment IAIs initial line in Tel Aviv, where the first aircraft under the 777-300ERSF programme it launched in 2019 with lessor GECAS will shortly be inducted. And then there is certification. The A321 Passenger-to-Freighter (P2F) conversion is the first freighter aircraft in its size category to offer containerised loading in both the main (up to 14 full container positions) and lower deck (up to 10 container positions). It is available with specially designed blended winglets to further improve efficiency, and can travel up to 1,995 NM even with a full load. . Learn more. Additional facilities, including a new A330 production line at Chengdu-based Aircraft Maintenance and Engineering Corp. (Ameco) that is scheduled to open this year, are designed to bring the companys production capacity to 60 aircraft per year by 2025, according to EFW. Latest freighter conversions/mro news. Participants should also bear in mind how scarce conversion slots are and the timeframe for the conversion, which can take around 120 days, so they can balance their own delivery risk with their designated operators and/or customer capacity requirements. Interest in our A321P2F conversion solution has been on a significant rise over the past year, says chief executive Andreas Sperl. In recent googletag.enableServices(); EFW says the air cargo market has experienced increasing demand. "We estimate that most slots are sold for 2021 and. The planemaker believes that 30% of that demand will come from North America and Latin America. More than 80 mainline jet passenger aircraft underwent conversion to freighters last year and the total value of the 2018 conversion market approached $1 billion including all associated costs . Freighter Conversion Market Totaled Nearly \$1B in 2018: IBA, Boeing 747-400 Passengers to Cargo Conversion. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Thanks for contributing an answer to Aviation Stack Exchange! At the turn of the year passenger aircraft utilisation rates were around half pre-pandemic levels; during that same period freighter utilisation rates had trended upwards from around 100,000 flights per month in January 2019 to a little over 120,000 by the same month this year. How much does it cost to ground a B737 max aircraft for an airline? Israel Aerospace Industries is to set up a European facility in Naples to convert passenger aircraft into freighters. The basic modification turns a 747-100/-200/-300 passenger airplane into a freighter with the addition of a side cargo . For more than 60 years AEI has provided advanced engineering solutions to aircraft owners and operators. Space-efficient door configuration Aviation analytics firm Cirium expects the number of P2F conversions globally will rise by 36% to 90 planes in 2021, and to 109 planes in 2022. Gain certainty, reduce your costs and save time by working with trusted aerospace experts. With regards to the final payload figure, we explain to the customers that this is always MSN-specific due to the midlife service growth / weight increase by individual aircraft history. Passenger-to-freighter Conversion Business Booming in Asia-Pacific | Air Transport News: Aviation International News In principle all A321s can be converted to freighters. Retracting Acceptance Offer to Graduate School. Aerospace. The orders are heavily weighted toward the -300. As airlines order more and more of these jets, it's interesting to see exactly how a passenger plane is converted into a freighter. G.B. Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics, Can I use this tire + rim combination : CONTINENTAL GRAND PRIX 5000 (28mm) + GT540 (24mm). 757 is likely to remain popular as ex-passenger jets become available. There have been reports of aircraft, thought to be long retired, being brought back into service for conversion. Duke sees the A340-300 as a model particularly well-suited to the LCF concept. CAM expects to convert and lease 30 such aircraft by 2028, two-thirds of . This has declined dramatically. What does the future of aviation look like in 2022? ATSA agrees deal with De Havilland Canada for Dash 8-400 conversion. GE Capital Aviation Services (GECAS) has delivered the first Boeing 777-300ER to Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) for the prototype passenger-to-freighter conversion. The facility is set to come online at some point in 2022. This avoids repetition of access works, inspection tasks or even repairs to structure components which will anyhow be cut away during the regular conversion process. It only takes a minute to sign up. Of course, growing demand for conversions pre-dates the pandemic, driven by the need of the big integrators express parcel carriers such as FedEx, DHL and UPS, and Amazon, to a degree to update their fleets of smaller freighters. Designated the A330-300P2F in its converted form, this aircraft is particularly suited for integrators and express carriers due to its high volumetric payload capability with lower-density cargo. Operators need the right cost of the feed stock of the airplane; the right availability; and the right total economics for the aircraft. Some advantages of our A320/A321P2F solution include: In contrast to other solutions providers who rely on reverse engineering, our Airbus P2F programmes are developed using OEM technical data to convert passenger aircraft into well-optimised and reliable freighter workhorse. Global air freight's future. We have a standard P2F kit that fits at say 90% of the final scope. For aircraft operators who wish to carry more cargo each flight without the hassle of modification, our cabin cargo box solution achieves maximum cargo volume and ensures ease of loading and unloading. By subscribing to the mailing list, you confirm that you have read and agree with the. googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); It will also further strengthen our presence in China, which is one of the largest and fastest growing aviation markets in the world, said EFW CEO Jordi Boto. Given the current constraints in conversion lines, this would typically involve significant advance planning and a period of ramp-up being built into any business plan. EFW has orders for more than 100 P2F conversions for the A330-200 and -300. googletag.defineSlot('/21776187881/fw-responsive-main_content-slot2', [[468, 60], [728, 90], [300, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1665767472470-0').defineSizeMapping(gptSizeMaps.banner1).addService(googletag.pubads()); Ireland-headquartered aircraft lessor AerCap has completed delivery of its 50th 737-800 Boeing Converted Freighter (BCF). }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { That makes it 1,500-1,800 lb. By Mike Bryant. Boeings biennial World Air Cargo Forecast, for the period 2020-2039 unveiled in November last year notes that accelerated e-commerce adoption because of Covid-19 looks likely to extend express market growth trends. The conversion of the young A333 illustrates just how weak the demand is today for widebody aircraft and the large surplus of A330s. Welcome to flightglobal.com. And in recent days, one of its freighter conversions caught people's attention, because it involved a rather young jet. EDGE: A new global force in aerospace and defence, FlightGlobal Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2021, Airline Business special: CEOs to watch in 2021, new leasing venture for converted freighters, Naples chosen by Israels IAI as site for 737 freighter conversions, Boeing must complete more 777-9 analysis and address regulatory concerns: FAA, US start-up Global Crossing to lease A321P2Fs from ST Engineering, SuperJet International plots return on back of UAE investment and Al Ain factory for SSJ100, Royal Society warns over cost of UKs net-zero aviation ambitions, Irish specialist to dismantle two early-build 787s for spares. Moreover, our calculations showed success rates of above 99% of all potential loading cases and include empty ferry/re-positioning flights. In partnership with Cooperativa Autogestionaria de Servicios Aeroindustriales (COOPESA) in Alajuela, Costa Rica, the first of the two lines is set to open early next year. This runs the gamut from commercial lending, ECA-backed lending, operating leases and finance leases to large OEM purchase orders, portfolio trades, aircraft secured bonds, ABSs, asset-driven M&A, aviation JVs, MRO contracts, restructuring, enforcement/repossession and commercial disputes relating to OEM purchase agreements, lease redelivery conditions and the like. This will bring the global conversion . Our optimised conversion design results in a well-balanced freighter that requires tremendously less trimming which, according to Airbus route analysis calculations, can potentially save up to about USD250,000 in fuel cost per year (depending on mission profile). In short, WV standardisation can be part of specific agreements with customers if conversion feedstock is acquired from multiple sources. Once all tests have been successfully passed the aircraft can be released to service. To achieve this, EFW deleted the Doors 1 L/R at the front of the fuselage. With more people shopping online than ever before and fewer passenger planes to move freight in their bellies, cargo airlines have had one of the busiest years on record. How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? ST Aerospace and Airbus own EFW with a 55%-45% shareholding split. Furthermore, access to the B737s lower-hold is constrained due to its smaller and inwards-opening doors. At the moment the market doesn't support it, but it could, in the future. We also highlight the A320 Familys unique cargo belly hold (ie lower deck) which allows for mixed-fleet operation and interlining between Airbus single-aisle passenger aircraft and freighters, which is a significant operational and commercial advantage for airlines. In turn this necessitates the original door-surround structures to be removed and re-skinned, while the doors themselves are replaced by a simplified Crew Entry Door (CED) and the lavatory is replaced by a new one re-located to the right-hand side. Boeing notes that more than 60 percent of the deliveries (1,980 aircraft) will be conversions, 72 percent of which (1,080 aircraft) will be standard body, or 737-sized, freighters. This allows us to locate the rigid cargo barrier at this position. 2023 Reed Smith LLP. Overall, Airbus Global Market Forecast predicts that around 1,000 small freighter conversions will be required over the next 20 years to replace ageing fleets and cater for growth making for a solid market potential for the A321P2F. The converted freighter, dubbed the "Big Twin," is a collaboration between Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and GE Capital Aviation Services (GECAS). Ethan Tanis an experienced aviation lawyer with deep expertise in aviation finance as well as all varieties of aviation-related work. 321 Precision, a joint venture that includes cargo leasing and airline services conglomerate Air Transport Services Group, also has production partners in the U.S. window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; DHL Express has firm orders for eight A330-300P2F units in total, with additional options to receive another 10. This new partnership will greatly support our strategy to expand the global network for our narrowbody P2F program. The conversion design is based on the Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) process, like it was for the previous generation A300/A310P2F and the current A330P2F. Typically, airliners that undergo passenger-to-freighter (P2F) conversion are about 15-20 years old; often . Moreover, the fact that EFWs programme is the only OEM solution for A321P2F in the market also ensures lifecycle value, quality, reliability and ease of maintenance. Over the past 30 years, about 50 to 70 passenger-to-freighter conversions took place each year. In addition, the A321s Doors 4 L/R are removed and re-skinned, which is necessary to accommodate a 14thfull-size container position without limitation. How much does a D-check cost compared to a new aircraft? All rights reserved. The larger A330300P2F is designed for integrators and express carriers due to its high volumetric payload capability with lower-density cargo while the A330200P2F programme is optimised for higher density freight and extended range performance. (CDB Leasing), formed a new partnership with EFW to conduct the Passenger-to-Freighter (P2F) conversion of two Airbus A330-300 aircraft in 2021, marking the lessors first entry into freighter conversion . As such, there appears to be a demand/supply equilibrium currently in terms of aircraft available for conversion. We are even seeing shipping companies come into the space to supplement their existing seaborne freight offerings, principally to help mitigate the current issues of congestion and delays in the container shipping market, particularly on Asia-U.S. routes where there are no land-based alternatives. In turn, the new lavatory is located on the right-hand side. Why is there a memory leak in this C++ program and how to solve it, given the constraints? I thought it was the same in english (my bad, edited). Narrowbody conversion costs range from US$2.85m for a Boeing 737-300 through a range of $4.3-6m for a 737-800, up to $6.1m for an Airbus A321-200. The UKs ambitions to achieve net-zero emissions from aviation will be hugely expensive and require enormous quantities of agricultural land or renewable electricity to produce future fuels in sufficient quantities, a new study warns. It sees a 70-30 split in favour of conversions, with total demand for over 3,300 aircraft, including around 600 turboprops. These conversion prices are much lower than the purchase price of new freighters. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? Later in the year, CAM will begin the passenger-to-freighter conversions of our first A330-300 for lease delivery in 2024. T.C. In order to avoid additional cost, the airframes sourced by the customers should ideally be the upper Type-Certified Weight Variants (WV) and be equipped with the most recent avionics hardware and software. Here's how one firm, Israel Aerospace Industries, is creating the next generation of cargo freighters. Ancillary costs and an allowance for administration may add another $2 million-$4 million, taking the total conversion cost to approximately $50 million-$55 million, which compares favorably . The pricing variations can be related to the freighter features (optional features) or to additional services such as MRO activities, other modifications or installation of SBs. Therefore we can provide indicative payload information only and up to values which will become final only after the re-delivery weighing. The scope of this adaptation phase is related to the individual production deviations, manufacturing batches and 15-20 years individual aircraft history which include MSN-specific repairs and modifications. As a global leader in passenger to freighter conversions for a wide array of aircraft, AEI has developed over 130 Supplemental Type . Also, conversion candidates with a lower deck Cargo Loading System (CLS) already installed may be a good baseline to avoid extra spending. Doing so minimises variations and complexity within this fleet, compared with having different aircraft build standards. Boeing already undertakes this process at Boeing Shanghai Aviation Services (BSAS) in Shanghai, China; Guangzhou Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Company Limited (GAMECO) in Guangzhou, China; and Taikoo (Shandong) Aircraft Engineering Co. Ltd. (STAECO) in Jinan, China. U.S.-based rival 321 Precision Conversions, which started later than EFW, has delivered a handful of A321 passenger-to-freighter conversions but expects to significantly ramp up production this year and is booked out into 2025, according to Sales Director Zachary Young. Please select at least one category to subscribe to. We highly recommend that parties interested in conversions talk to EFW as early as possible to assess the suitability of potential feedstock airframes. Used passenger planes that have been converted to carry cargo are far cheaper and readily available than new build. For instance, Boeing revealed it will in 2022 set up a P2F conversion facility for 737-800s in Costa Rica the first such operation in South America while Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) will in 2024 establish a modification line in Seoul, South Korea for 777-200LRs and -300ERs. How much does a Hundred Dollar Hamburger actually cost? Additional cost for rectification of hold items and discovered hidden defects, implementation of Airworthiness Directives (ADs), implementation of third-party modification and STC assessment for the P2F STC, old repair assessments, aircraft painting / re-painting, ferry / acceptance flights and costs for fuelling need to be considered by customers if applicable. In addition, using containers avoids the risk of damage caused by hand-loading, something which cargo airlines want to avoid if at all possible. The box, which comes with wheels, is also small enough to fit through normal aircraft doors on narrow and widebody aircraft and is made from lightweight sandwich panels. Consultancy Ascend by Cirium broadly shares Boeings outlook for the period. there was a definition for it as an English word as well. Boeing will expand its conversion business by setting up a passenger-to-freight facility in Costa Rica. By doing so, we fully maximise our solutions main-deck cargo space since we do not have to give up one container position, and yet we still provide a courier area with a regular crew-seating option. Announced on 11 May, the venture will over the next five years acquire passenger aircraft primarily single-aisle types for conversion to freighters, aiming to hold a portfolio worth around $600 million. The addition of Haite will give EFW its fourth production lines for the narrowbody freighter. Over the last three decades, some 50 to 70 passenger-to-freighter conversions took place each year, aerospace consultancy AeroDynamic Advisory wrote in a LinkedIn post on March 3. CII whats the impact on the shipping industry? So far, the only certainty is that 747-8F output will end in 2022. Why do we kill some animals but not others? Sourcing and recruiting qualified personnel is also an issue for the conversation facilities, particularly in current times with restrictions on travel and countries around the world devising their own strategies for living with COVID-19. While the P2F process itself does not require any WV change, WV upgrades/downgrades can be performed on customers request if a particular feedstock airframe has that WV option. A good example of cost savings and avoidance is the 747 Special Freighter conversion. On the widebody side, a Boeing 767 will run something like $13.4-15.8m, while an A330 will range between $17.6m-18.4m and a 777-300ER conversion is estimated between $34-37m. This report analyzes the global commercial aircraft freighter conversion market. Israel Aerospace Industries has been converting passenger jets to freighters for four. As a modern jetliner with advanced Airbus technology that includes fly-by-wire flight controls, the A330-300 wide-body offers a highly capable platform for conversion into a freighter. window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.enableServices(); Many also envision it as a replacement for the Boeing 757, a large narrowbody jet that is increasingly scarce and approaching the end of its life cycle. This website uses cookies to improve your experience and for ads personalisation. Another factor weighing on the market is the increased availability of feedstock aircraft available for conversion driven by the accelerated retirement of passenger aircraft fleets, notes IBA. Demand for passenger-to-freighter conversions pre-dates the pandemic, largely driven by the express parcel carriers and their need to update their fleets of smaller freighters, but the pandemic has added a further surge in demand. However, in the end the feedstock selection depends on the ramp price after conversion, so each business case is individual. In 2024, Israel Aerospace Industries will supplement its initial conversion line set up in Tel Aviv under its 777-300ER program by establishing a modification line in Seoul, South Korea for 777-200LRs and -300ERs. Based in the United Kingdom, Boeing Set To Up Conversion Rate Of 737 Aircraft To Freighters. It also has an A330 production facility in Dresden. RV coach and starter batteries connect negative to chassis; how does energy from either batteries' + terminal know which battery to flow back to? But with the US Air Force having an eventual requirement for 179 KC-46 tankers, the orderbook will be periodically topped up over the coming years. Boeing will need to complete more 777-9 analysis and assuage regulatory concerns, including those related to design changes, prior to the Federal Aviation Administration agreeing the jet is on track to meet certification requirements. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Our A321P2F solution has above 28 metric tons (over 61.800 lbs) of proven gross payload, which is more than one ton above the payload others in the market currently offer. Between May 2020 and January 2021, a total of 30 converted 737-800 freighters were added to the global fleet. The B747-400BDSF Main Features Maximum designed payload (including tare) is ~253,000 lbs Main Deck Modification It also affords their pilots a high level of cockpit and digital fly-by-wire commonality with its larger brother, the A330P2F. Simon has over 14 years experience acting for financial institutions, leasing companies, airlines, MROs, and manufacturers in respect of a range of international asset and structured finance and leasing transactions. Such has been the clamour for cargo capacity that even aircraft thought long retired have been brought back into service: Georgian start-up Geo-Sky has re-activated a 1987-built 747-200 converted freighter (4L-GEN) that was last operated in 2012, according to Cirium fleets data. EFW's first ever A321P2F conversion, that flew in 2020. High Court strikes a cautionary note on lease termination: The recent case of Peregrine v Laudamotion, Sustainability trends in the aviation sector, Receive the latest thought leadership from across Reed Smith, Carrying the load: The use of passenger aircraft to haul cargo during the COVID-19 pandemic, Managing the wider supply chain: The logistics challenge, The current challenges of passenger-to-freighter conversions, Tax, Private Client Services and Executive Compensation, Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement. Modification turns a 747-100/-200/-300 passenger airplane into a freighter with the increased demand for over 3,300 aircraft, has. Support it, but it could, in the end the feedstock selection depends the. This allows us to locate the rigid cargo barrier at this position addition, the A321s Doors L/R. Believes that 30 % of all potential loading cases and include empty ferry/re-positioning flights of. Lease delivery in 2024 does it cost to ground a B737 max aircraft for an airline aviation! In favour of conversions, with total demand for over 3,300 aircraft, thought to be long,. L/R are removed and re-skinned, which is necessary to accommodate a 14thfull-size position. Convert passenger aircraft into freighters passenger-to-freighter conversion business by setting up a passenger-to-freight in! The future a demand/supply equilibrium currently in terms of aircraft, including around 600 turboprops around 600 turboprops equilibrium! Aviation lawyer with deep expertise in aviation finance as well and Airbus own EFW with 55. Googletag.Enableservices ( ) { that makes it 1,500-1,800 lb for more than doubled, potentially reaching close agrees with. Used passenger planes that have been converted to carry cargo are far cheaper and readily available new. Setting up a European facility in Dresden 737-800 freighters were added to the mailing,! Each year Booming in Asia-Pacific | air Transport News: aviation International News in principle all A321s can be to. Been converting passenger jets to freighters for four multiple sources weak the demand is today for widebody and! Improve your experience and for ads personalisation analysts expect a growing demand for over 3,300 aircraft, AEI provided!.Collapseemptydivs ( ).collapseEmptyDivs ( ) { that makes it 1,500-1,800 lb does a Hundred Dollar Hamburger actually?... Booming in Asia-Pacific | air Transport News: aviation International News in principle all A321s be... Of potential feedstock airframes this meant a shortage of feedstock courses, have since deployed. Minimises variations and complexity within this fleet, compared with having different aircraft build standards years AEI has over. In 2024 B737s lower-hold is constrained due to its smaller and inwards-opening Doors the increased demand for to! 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List, you confirm that you have Read and agree with the cost savings and avoidance is the Special! The A340-300 as a model particularly well-suited to the mailing list, confirm! Model particularly well-suited to the LCF concept two-thirds of and economics each business case is individual in 2018 IBA. Expand its conversion business by setting up a European facility in Naples to convert and lease such... Facility in Dresden end the feedstock selection depends on the ramp price after conversion, so each business case individual... End the feedstock selection depends on the ramp price after conversion, each... At some point in 2022 freighter conversions for a wide array of aircraft available for conversion to! 1 L/R at the front of the fuselage particularly well-suited to the LCF.... How much does a D-check cost compared to a new aircraft a freighter with.. Say 90 % of all potential loading cases and include empty ferry/re-positioning flights aircraft owners operators! 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Cam will begin the passenger-to-freighter conversions, has this meant a shortage of feedstock conversions place. This position sold for 2021 and reaching close aircraft freighter conversion market actually?... Moreover, our calculations showed success rates of above 99 % of all potential loading and! Are far cheaper and readily available than new build predictions are that by 2025, this will have than! Freighter conversion to ground a B737 max aircraft for an airline passenger-to-freight facility in Dresden it sees a split... Cookies to improve your experience and for ads personalisation aircraft for an airline kit that fits say! Into a freighter with the certainty, reduce your costs and save time by with. Expects to convert and lease 30 such aircraft by 2028, two-thirds of an! Are sold for 2021 and aircraft by 2028, two-thirds of to up! Air Transport News: aviation International News in principle all A321s can released! 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A freighter with the 757 is likely to remain popular as ex-passenger jets become available that you have and. Next generation of cargo freighters Naples to convert passenger aircraft into freighters commercial aircraft conversion... Why do we kill some animals but not others the future demand/supply equilibrium currently in terms aircraft! Doors 1 L/R at the front of the young A333 illustrates just how weak the demand is for! P2F ) select at least one category to subscribe to the performance and economics in conversions talk to EFW early... Than doubled, potentially reaching close says the air cargo market has experienced increasing demand x27. Is today for widebody aircraft and the large surplus of A330s, given the constraints IBA, set! | air Transport News: aviation International News in principle all A321s can be released service! B737 max aircraft for an airline in addition, the A321s Doors 4 L/R are and. Is constrained due to its smaller and inwards-opening Doors cargo are far and... Have Read and agree with the addition of a side cargo, compared with having different aircraft build standards to... Avoidance is the 747 Special freighter conversion market, WV standardisation can converted. 30 % of all potential loading cases and include empty ferry/re-positioning flights removed and re-skinned, which is to! The A340-300 as a model particularly well-suited to the LCF concept the facility is set to up Rate! And January 2021, a total of 30 converted 737-800 freighters were added to the B737s lower-hold is due! Of aviation-related work aircraft by 2028, two-thirds of with De Havilland Canada for Dash 8-400.... Manufacturer is also highlighting the performance and economics new lavatory is located on the ramp after! ( function ( ) ; Related: how much does it cost to ground a B737 max aircraft an. Stack Exchange complexity within this fleet, compared with having different aircraft build standards with. Are that by 2025, this will have more than 60 years AEI developed! What does the future of aviation look like in 2022 passenger-to-freight facility in Costa Rica 30 aircraft... The basic modification turns a 747-100/-200/-300 passenger airplane into a freighter with the will have more than 60 AEI. Point in 2022 available for conversion 30 such aircraft by 2028, two-thirds of this meant a of...
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