A number of such executions actually took place in Konin and other localities. Adamem i Iza Zamoyskimi, Zofia, Janowa,Tarnowska, oraz w sprawach It appeared in the "Miedzy Nami" in one of Canadian newspapers About 700,000 Poles were sent to Germany for forced labor,6 many to die there. granted him the right to enslave all of Eastern and half of Central Europe. How a displaced Polish family found refuge in Tanzania, Tanzania joins projects financier Africa50, Bola Tinubu: Nigeria's political 'godfather', Tinubu declared Nigeria's president-elect. One of the camps was in Abercorn, in the remote Northern Province. pomocy charytatywnej (1948-1949). The Koja settlement covered an area measuring over 700 acres and was located on several hills overlooking the lake. The main route led through Turkmenistan to the Pahlevi transit camp in Iran (now Bandar-e Anzali) and from there mainly to camps in Tehran. Ukrains'kyi arkhiv. Image: Courtesy/Jonathan Durand. All content published on this website is covered by a. amnesty etc. Records The Poles living in the settlements in the then Tanganyika formed well-organized communities with an efficiently functioning educational system, cultural and sporting activities. However, school supplies were in limited supply throughout East Africa. Animal husbandry was also popular as a chicken farm and piggery (the pride of the settlement) were later established and would produce hams and highly spiced Polish sausages. . They were provided with refreshments and not a few of the refugees were in tears when the train steamed out. Przemyslu Poland, The State Archive in Rzeszow Archiwum In Eastern Africa, six permanent Polish refugee settlements were established: four in Tanganyika (Tengeru, Kondoa, Ifunda, Kidugala) and two in Uganda (Masindi and Koja). The [following] article Their home became a deserted hacienda in Santa Rosa, near Leen. http://www.pgsa.org/membership.htm T.3. America. The majority refused to return to the country. Society volunteers offer a limited research service to members for a reasonable In Tanganyika, the largest settlement was Tengeru (4,000 refugees) and smaller camps were located in Kigoma, Kidugala, Ifunda, Kondoa, and Morogoro. The Polish representative to the Potsdam conference claimed there were only 1,500,000, the United States estimated 2,000,000. It was set up in 1942. Several camps were opened in and around Bombay, with the biggest one located at Kolhapur Valivade, where 5,000 stayed. Korespondencja do cz?onkw rodziny (1945-1946). They deported hundreds of thousands of Poles, including many Jews, in four waves to forced labor camps in remote Russian regions such as Siberia and Kazakhstan. After a short stay, they too were dispatched across the border to Colonia Santa Rosa. Archiwum Panstowe w Przemyslu Podlesice Zivilarbeiterlager (public servants In Ahvaz, "Camp Polonia" was one of the main exit centers for Poles leaving Iran, and the last Ahvaz camp closed in 1945. Hitler's orders issued at this crucial moment had nothing to do with the extermination of Jews, however these orders were a retaliation for derailment by the Poles of Hitler's strategy to conquer the Euro-Asian Heartland.. PERIODICALS Finally, 733 Polish children with their 105 caretakers arrived in New Zealand on November 1, 1944. Indeed, parts of this region are dotted with monuments and graves of foreign soldiers who fought and died in these parts. Some exiles also found asylum in India in transit camps set up in Quetta, Mount Abu, Panchgani, Bandra, and in and near Karachi (such as the Country Club Camp, Haji Pilgrims Camp, and the Malir Camp). But what happened to the rest of the hundreds of thousands of deportees who did not leave with Anders' army? Organisation and regulations of the camps in East Africa . During his travels to the former Polish refugee camps in South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia, Durand said that local people "had good memories of the Poles,"who farmed and sent their children to school. Between March 24 and April 4, 33,069 soldiers left the Soviet Union for Iran, as well as 10,789 civilians, including 3,100 children. The food was delivered: rice, flour, meat, salt, sugar, tea, and some coffee. Another transport arrived at the Mombasa port in Kenya on September 19. She was a young girl so her stories were quite magical: That they swung from vines, had confrontations with boa constrictors and that actually [the camps] were mud huts. Czechs grandmother, two aunts and an uncle named Zygmunt, were also housed in the displaced persons camps in Nairobi and Mombasa. [11] Polish soldiers and civilians who left stayed in Iranian camps at Pahlevi and Mashhad, as well as Tehran. Most of them lived in Uganda and Tanzania (then Tanganyika), a considerable number in Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia) and Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) and some in . it housed several camps for the thousands of orphaned Polish children, it The costs of maintaining the settlements were covered by the British authorities towards the debt of the Polish government and the Polish Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare reporting to the government in exile in London. Northern Rhodesia had three camps. living conditions and brought the devastating contagious diseases under control, A commandant usually a British official stood at the head of the administration of each of the settlements. One of the administrators lived in a building that also had a community centre where films were shown. In August 1945, the number of Polish refugees in Northern Rhodesia was 3,419, of which . After the end of WWII in September 1945, the African host countries pushed to get rid of the Polish refugees. Notable for their diversity, the Polish refugees were a mix of Catholics, Protestants and Jews, and several pictures exist of them happily mingling with assorted tribesmen and locals. The children and the adults were then transported to the North Island, to a town of Pahiatua, where Polish Children's CampPahiatuawas opened in former military barracks. Welcoming signs with Polish flags, white eagles, and words of encouragement often greeted their arrival, high government officials paid them visits, and commemorative monuments were erected in their honor. Stalin simply said that there were none -- all those surviving the war had run away13 Churchill, however, saw the true dimension of the issue. South Africa, South Rhodesia, and North Rhodesia also became the home of Poles. In Tengeru in Tanzania, which was the largest of the camps, they lay wreaths on the single memorial stone that bears one hundred names of people who were interred here. People kept their own gardens, with vegetables. In 1940, following the invasion and annexation of large parts of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, there was a mass de-Polonisation of the occupied territory, and between 320,000 and one million Polish nationals were rounded up and deported to the Urals and Siberia. Warszawa Poland, The Central Archives of Historical Humanity's history of migration by sea from Troy to Lampedusa, Polish tractors plowing a furrow to Africa, 'EU must rethink its approach to migration', Ukraine updates: Zelenskyy calls for ICC Russia probe, NATO: Finland forges ahead of Sweden toward membership, More than mercenaries: Russia's Wagner Group in Africa, Russian troops step up fight to cut off Bakhmut supply lines. Africa provided another safe harbor for the Poles. Sea transports were sent to the transit camps in British India (the port of Karachi in todays Pakistan) and from there to the settlements in India, Africa, Mexico and New Zealand. T.2. The largest Polish settlement in Tengeru had 947 houses. Many of those who wound up in New Zealand and the Union of South Africa remained where they were brought. http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/archiwum.html, If you know that you had relatives that were buried in the Przemysl area in Poland this link may help: http://www.cmentarzeprzemysl.pl/, In 1950 there was a border adjustment in the area Check with Polish Archives for birth records, Polish army records. . "I recognized the hospital and a group of young girls walking toward the camera. Fifteen Polish schools were eventually founded in Lebanon as well as a small Polish library consisting of some 500 Polish books and additional volumes in other languages. By the end of September 1942, 1,044 people were located in the Ugandan settlement in Masindi, and 510 and 401 respectively in Morogoro and Kondoa in Tanganyika. In Palestine, the camps for the over 5,000 refugees transferred there were located in Nazareth, Rehovot, Ain-Karem,and Barbara. During the two great evacuations (the first, between March 24 and the beginning of April 1942; the second, between August 10 and September 1, 1942), from Krasnovodsk across the Caspian Sea to Pahlavi (Iran), and the smaller overland evacuations from Ashkhabad to Mashhad (in March and September 1942), about 115,000 people (including some 37,000 civilians, of whom about 18,300 were children) left the Soviet Union. The Soviet Red Army had taken the Polish officers prisoner after invading eastern Poland in September 1939. The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. The government of Mexico did not finance their staymoney came from the funds of a special Polish-British-American committee. Classes began on September 1, 1942. 23cm. However, after Yalta and the change in Polish borders this became an impossible dream, although a few did return to join their families in Poland. In July 1942 government in London, in consultation with the governors of then Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda and Nyasa, agreed to settle there Polish refugees for the time of the war. by Polish, British, American, and Iranian authorities soon improved their http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/01/08/world/europe/ap-eu-poland-katyn-massacre.html?emc=eta1&_r=0, Then there were the Soviet deportations. When using our website, the cookie files are downloaded onto your device. In the larger camps, like Tengeru [Arusha], there was less opportunity to meet Tanzanians, if only because there was a critical mass of Poles to spend time with, says Jonathan Durand, a Canadian documentary filmmaker and the grandson of Polish-African refugees. http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP7.ADDENDA.HTM, The Soviets arrested and At its peak, Koja accommodated around 3,000 Polish refugees. For tens of thousands the Soviet Union became their final resting place before the war's end. Christmas celebrations during theSecond World Waroften had to be scaled down or adjusted as restrictions and shortages took their toll. Wymiana listw z instytucjami w Stanach Language--U. Krakiv, 1995. Unlike the Soviet Union, these were, after all, ancient civilized cultures. In an official letter from the British Authorities it was said: "It has been agreed that the welfare work in the Polish settlements must continue and the minimum staff stays to ensure this must be retained." He ordered his military commanders to use the utmost ferocity in merciless killing Polish men, women, and children. We were mentally shaped by such organizations, as Sodality of Our Lady, and The Eucharistic Crusade. Posted on . It is a miracle that we survived, with thousands dead.[12]. NKVD agents issued Soviet passports to Poles in February-May 1943. 22, 1941. The Polish civilian population could not stay in Iran for along time due to the tense international situation and the threat of a German offensive. [9] In this small window of opportunity, Anders' Army was formed, which attracted not only soldiers who had been kept in Soviet camps, but also thousands of civilians, and Polish orphanages with children whose parents had perished in the Gulag. On January 16, 1943, the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs issued a note to the Polish embassy, informing it about closing down Polish consulates in the Soviet Union and voiding the decision of granting Polish citizenship to the people who had lived in the Kresy before September 1939. ul. ch.1, 1989; ch.2, 1990. Residents of Tanganyika, on their own initiative, helped newcomers from Poland to settle in the new country. donation. Several scout groups, schools, training centers, a Women's Auxiliary Service, and an Officers' Legion were established. [5], The evacuation of the Polish people from the USSR lasted from March 24, 1942, for one week, and then again from August 10, 1942, until the beginning of September. Here's a map that shows http://www.mapywig.org/m/wig500k/MAPA_POLSKI_1_500_000_PRZEMYSL_12_WYDANIE_LOTNICZE.jpg 3. In Northern Rhodesia, 245 evacuees were accepted for permanent residence. of hostages, reprisal raids, forced labor, "euthanasia," starvation, exposure, World War Two: The deportation of Polish refugees to Abercorn "The complex story of Polish refugees in Iran", "Iran and the Polish Exodus from Russia 1942", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Polish_civilians_from_the_USSR_in_World_War_II&oldid=1096111774, Articles using infobox templates with no data rows, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Over 30,000 military personnel and about 11,000 children evacuated from March 24 until the first days of April 1942, Over 43,000 military personnel and about 25,000 civilians evacuated by sea from August 10 to September 1, 1942, This page was last edited on 2 July 2022, at 11:09. It had a clubroom, a hospital, and a gym. Jewish Ghetto Police were to arrest non-Jews who made purchases in stores exclusively designated for the Jews or brought merchandise or food with them. By. History and implementation 4.2. Zustriczi: kwartalnik ukrainski (wersja polskojezyczna). camp) Poland, Archives: Children and adolescents were provided with pre-school and school care at various levels of education. "De-Polonizing the territories newly incorporated into the USSR", "Near and Middle East: The evacuation of the Polish people from the USSR", "Evacuation of Polish civilians from the Soviet Union to Persia 1942". list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia. We were very poor, there were no jobs, kids had their classes in the open, there were no books." [7] The categories of civilians first targeted by the NKVD included court judges, civil servants, staff of municipal governments, members of the police force, refugees from western Poland, tradesmen, forestry workers, settlers, and small farmers, as well as children from summer camps and Polish orphanages, family members of anyone arrested by the NKVD, and family members of anyone who had escaped to the West or had gone missing. After Yalta Lelewela 4 LUDNO CYWILNA I SIEROTY POLSKIE PO AMNESTII 12 SIERPNIA 1941 ROKU. Hitler talked about the conquest and colonization of Poland. Moreover, several Polish periodicals were published, Polish amateur theaters were founded, and Polish business enterprises flourished. About one third of the civilians were children. A Catholic church was constructed for the deeply religious Poles. IWM collections, This media is not currently available. They settled in transit and permanent camps in the British colonies of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanganyika. In addition, your use of our website is tantamount to your consent to the processing of your personal data provided by electronic means. The Polish refugees who were going to East Africa were shipped from Iran, or taken from Iran to India and shipped from an Indian port, to different African destinations. Many lived in communes and camps until the early 1950s before finding permanent homes in North America, Europe, Australia and to a lesser extent, South Africa. [18] In late 1942 and early 1943, Polish camps in Iran were located at Tehran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Ahvaz. Upon agreement between Prime Minister Wadysaw Sikorski and the government of Mexico, some 10,000 Polish refugees settled in Mexico. order.5, To all this Polish misery, pain, and death, we must add what the Germans did in the Poland they ruled. There was a kindergarten, a men's school, a women's school, and a middle school. Bolicza 2, Addresses of Ukrainian At the Polish Institute in London, he found the only existing film footage from the Tanzanian refugee camp where his grandmother had lived. Every effort will be made to help them forget the horrors and suffering they have seen. Listy braci: Karola, Antoniego, Jana, ciotki Zofii Lanckoronskiej (1942-1949). Polish Children's Camp was financed by the government of New Zealand, with help from Polish Government in Exile, based in London. From Poland, over Russia and Iran, to Africa. The campsite at Nyabyeya, some 30 kilometres east of Lake Albert, was desolate. As historians dig out more information from national archives, and descendants recount family stories, the story of the Polish exiles in Africa gets richer. Archives in New York, English version. It was in Nairobi, the Kenyan capital, where the exiles got their first glimpse of Africans close up. The refugees arrived on African shores in two stages. If this site was helpful to you, please consider making a donation to keep it going. With a few days, Germany invaded Poland, triggering World War 2. During 1939 to 1941 the Soviets deported 1,200,000 Poles deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor or resettlement, of which perhaps 146,000 died. In Uganda, the camps were located in Masindi and Koya on Lake Victoria. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February . Gdansk: http://www.ap.gdansk.pl/english/linki/poland.php, The Archives of New Records "African countries were on their way to independence and didn't want reminders of colonial rule," said Devlin. Thousands of Europeans sought sanctuary in Africa during World War II among them were many Polish people. Mexico. The largest of these settlements were: in the Union of South Africa Oudtshoorn; in North Rhodesia Abercorn, Bwana M'Kubwa, Fort Jameson, Livingstone, and Lusaka; in South Rhodesia Digglefold, Marandellas, Rusape, and Gatooma. Archiwum Akt Nowych For two years, freight trains ferried entire Polish families across the greater Kresy region to Kazakhstan and luckily, over 110,000 Poles among them 36,000 women and children, managed to leave the Soviet Union with the Polish forces. . On the Edges of Whiteness tells their improbable story, tracing the manifold, complex relationships that developed among refugees, their British administrators, and their African . The first contingents of Polish refugees in World War Two 3.3. It triggered an amnesty for the Poles in the USSR. http://www.poland.pl/articles/index.htm?c=421 Each camp had its own school, clubroom, and theatre. Recently, there has been renewed interest among historians and local authorities to highlighting the role of East Africans in the Second World War. The Polish refugees also have a positive memory of the locals, says Durand. Contact our Media sales & Licensing team about access. In August 1942, two schools were created, for younger (aged 8-15) and older scouts. In January 1948, the Commissioner of the East African Refugee Administration wrote a letter about the deportation of the Polish refugees from the Abercorn camp. In Tanganyika, the largest settlement was Tengeru (it had 4,000 refugees) and smaller camps were located in Kigoma, Kidugala, Ifunda, Kondoa, and Morogoro. Among the victims on this altar of silence were the 14,500 prisoners of war interned in Kozelsk, Starobelsk, and Ostashkov and In November 1947, the action of reuniting military families began, thanks to which about 9,500 people left Africa. It included extortions, robberies and murders. The Refugee Office of the British colonial government in Nairobi handled the resettlement. [4][6], In 1939, following Nazi German and Soviet attack on Poland, the territory of the Second Polish Republic was divided between the two invaders. 492s. unfortunate term "amnesty" (the word should have been "manumission" or "emancipation") to characterize the release of the exiles; they were Stalin's bargaining chip in the contest for the status quo ante borders of Poland. In January 1944, the Polish staff in all East African camps had been reduced. In order to ensure the highest quality of our services, we use small files called cookies. Military Archives in Warsaw They then constructed temporary mud and thatch huts. 8s. On March 19, 1942, General Wadysaw Anders ordered the evacuation of Polish soldiers and civilians who lived next to army camps. 00-263 Warszawa There were sports teams, a choir and activities groups. The Jewish population of 8,700,000 was trapped under the control of the Berlin government; at least sixty percent (or about 5,100,000) were exterminated by the Germans during World War II. With a few days, Germany invaded Poland, triggering World War II. Peredmova Vasylia Markusia) 403st. "That's when I started my research," recalls Durand. Both settlements had hospital facilities run by Polish doctors and nurses. Witness History speaks to one of them. Two hostels were also established: one in Island Bay for girls, the other in Lyall Bay for boys. In the Kidugala settlement, 798 Poles lived near the deserted post-German Protestant mission. The church was built at the centre of the settlement using local materials and papyrus thatch. Refugees in Poland were, until 2022, a relatively small group. Several scout groups, schools, training centers, a Women's Auxiliary Service, and an Officers' Legion were established. Post By: June 29, 2022. physical features of sri lanka 0 Comment Jun 29, 2022 . [4] Among those who remained in the Soviet Union, about 150,000 Poles perished before the end of the war. A few hundred people remained in Tanganyika. Often it was not accurate, especially as far as dates The refugees had arrived in groups and they also left in groups at different times. Polish Genealogical society of America http://www.pgsa.org/. recruited families willing to take in a hundred orphans. The eastern half of Poland was annexed by the Soviet Union. Tehran was a gate, through which we were sent, in groups, to different parts of the world. MINISTRY OF INFORMATION SECOND WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION, Polish Refugees in India and East Africa, 1942-1946, Deportation of the Polish Population from the Soviet Occupied Part of Poland, 1940-1941, Evacuation of the 2nd Polish Corps from the Soviet Union to Persia and Palestine, 1942. 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